Certified Addictions Registered Nurse (CARN) Practice Exam

Barbiturate toxicity primarily causes respiratory depression due to their mechanism of action on the central nervous system. These substances enhance the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which results in the suppression of neuronal excitability throughout the brain. This heightened suppression can severely reduce the respiratory centers present in the brainstem, leading to diminished respiratory drive, inadequate ventilation, and potentially hypoxia.

While other types of depression, such as neurological or psychomotor depression, may occur as a consequence of barbiturate use, respiratory depression is the most critical and life-threatening effect, making it the focus in clinical settings. Cognitive depression involves impairment in cognitive functions, but this is less specific to the direct effects of barbiturates compared to the acute and life-threatening nature of respiratory effects. Understanding these symptoms is essential for nurses and healthcare providers when managing patients who may be experiencing barbiturate toxicity.